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Прочитайте текст и переведите его. Monetary Systems

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* The pound sterling is one of the world's most widely traded currencies, along with the United States dollar, the Japanese yen, the Australian Dollar and the euro. It is the highest valued of the major currency units.
* Prior to decimalisation in 1971, each pound was divided into 240 pence — although it was usually expressed as being divided into twenty shillings, with each shilling equal to twelve pence. The symbol for the shilling was "/" or "s" — not from the first letter of the word, but rather from the Latin word solidus. The symbol for the penny was "d", from the Latin word denarius. (The solidus and denarius were Roman coins.)

British Monetary system

The Bank of England has been issuing banknotes for over 300 years. During that time, both the notes themselves and their role in society have undergone continual change. From today’s perspective, it is easy to accept that a piece of paper that costs a few pence to produce is worth five, ten, twenty or fifty pounds.
The pound sterling, which strictly speaking refers to basic currency unit of sterling, now the pound, is the currency of the United Kingdom (UK). The sign for the pound is £ (or rarely just "L"). Both symbols derive from libra, the Latin word for "pound". The standard currency code is GBP = Great Britain Pound. One pound is divided into 100 pence, the singular of which is "penny". The symbol for the penny is "p"; hence an amount such as 50p is often pronounced "fifty pee" rather than "fifty pence".In the UK, in order to distinguish the unit of currency from the unit of weight, and perhaps from other units of currency that have the same name, a pound is sometimes referred to more formally as a pound sterling or sometimes simply sterling. The slang term quid is also substituted in informal conversation for "pound(s) sterling". The sterling was originally a name for a silver penny of 1/240 pound. In modern times the pound has replaced the penny as the basic unit of currency as inflation has steadily eroded the value of the currency. Originally a silver penny had the purchasing power of slightly less than a modern pound.As a unit of currency, the term pound originates from the value of a troy pound of high purity silver known as sterling silver. Sterling was introduced as the English currency by King Henry II in 1158, though the name sterling wasn't acquired until later. The word sterling is from the Old French esterlin transformed in stiere in Old English (strong, firm, immovable). The pound sterling, established in 1560–61 by Elizabeth I and her advisors.

As a member of the European Union, the United Kingdom has the option of adopting the euro as its currency. However, the subject remains politically controversial. The pound did not join the Second European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II) after the euro was created. Unique to Denmark and the UK is an opt-out from entry to the euro. Technically, every other EU nation must eventually sign up; however, this can be delayed indefinitely (as in the case of Sweden) by refusing to join ERM II.

American Monetary System

The American Colonial period saw a wide variety of media of exchange, with the British Pound serving as money of account. Metallic money also was in circulation. Among the variety of coins were Spanish silver pieces which came to be known as dollars. (The dollar sign, $ is connected with the peso, contrary to popular belief which considers it an abbreviation of "U.S." The two parallel lines represented one of the many abbreviations of "p" and the "S" indicated the plural).
The act of 2 April 1792 authorized the following coins: Gold-eagles (each of the value of ten units of dollar), half-eagles, and quarter-eagles; Silver-dollars, half-dollars, quarter-dollars, dimes, and half-dimes; Copper-cents and half-cents. Many changes in the laws governing coinage, and in the coins themselves, have been made since the passage of the original act. One-dollar pieces were discontinued in 1896; quarter-eagles were discontinued by an act of 11 April 1930. Silver dollars were made legal tender by the act of 2 April 1792. A bronze cent, (95 per cent copper and 5 per cent tin and zinc) was authorized by the act of 22 April 1864, which discontinued the cent containing nickel. Half-cents were discontinued by the act of 21 February 1851. A five-cent piece, the well known "nickel", or jitney(si.), was authorized by the act of 16 May 1866, and continued in the Coinage Act of 1873.
The Government of the USA issues the following bills: bills for one, five, ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred and ten thousand dollars but they are mainly used in inter-bank payments.
A two-dollar bill exists but it is practically impossible to see one in circulation. Only a small quantity of such bills was issued on a jubilee (юбилей) occasion. They consider the one who gets such a bill to be lucky.
One dollar of the USA has one hundred cents (c).
The Americans name sums of money very much as British people: ten dollars and fifty seven, three dollars and eight.